What is Internet?
The internet is a collection of computer networks connected together over a web to transfer data. The internet has wide range access and in present time the Internet is a very important part of our communication and share data.
What is Network?
Network is domain where two or more computers connected together and share information and data. Network allows user to transfer data very fast and holds large set of information.
A simple example for Network and Internet. Node refers to as device or computer or mobiles.
Protocols:
You will hear this term more in the networking field, So What is Protocol? Protocol is set of rules and regulations. In the Network there are lot of protocols like HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, SMTP and many more. Protocols may be a new thing for you to hear but the main topic is HTTP which is already a protocol that we use in our browser. Why we need HTTP? Why use HTTP? Why browsers are dependent on HTTP protocol? What is this HTTPS? Which is more useful HTTP or HTTPS? are they both different? How it works on devices?
HTTP (Hyper Text Transport Protocol):
Most seen protocol in the web world. This is a set of rules and regulations that set for web pages and Web sites for Hyper Text internet.
HTTP is transport protocol for Hyper Text file Majorly knows as Web sites or web pages. we all use web browsers to access a web page or visit a certain web page like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter(X) and many more. You may have seen the above link That it starts with https:// or http://.
Http helps to send the request to web server and fetch the data from server. Wait is HTTP only the transport protocol? does it only send data and receive a response. How does that make it so great?
Yes, the HTTP protocol sending and receiving data makes it so much great because the number of users those who uses this protocol are in billions.
Just for example we have OSI model means your phone or your device. It has 7 layers of architecture to send and receive data.
Message that you send in mail, isn’t going to be sent in normal language you type, wait then how does the message seen as you typed in another device. It’s because both are computer device at the end the computer device doesn’t understand the language that you use like English, it can only understand binary numbers that 0’s and 1’s.
I have question for you how does your device knows that where you want send message? It only knows 0’s and 1’s how does it know the device you want send message is going name you typed.
That’s the great Thing about HTTP; it doesn’t send message to the wrong address even if there are billions of users using it.
There 2 types of transport protocols
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) both are protocols of the Transport Layer Protocols. TCP is a connection-oriented protocol whereas UDP is a part of the Internet Protocol suite, referred to as the UDP/IP suite. Unlike TCP, it is an unreliable and connectionless protocol. In this article, we will discuss the differences between TCP and UDP.
What is TCP?
TCP is one of the main protocols of the Internet protocol suite. It lies between the Application and Network Layers which are used in providing reliable delivery services. It is a connection-oriented protocol for communications that helps in the exchange of messages between different devices over a network. The Internet Protocol (IP), which establishes the technique for sending data packets between computers, works with TCP.
What is UDP?
UDP is a Transport Layer protocol. UDP is a part of the Internet Protocol suite, referred to as the UDP/IP suite. Unlike TCP, it is an unreliable and connectionless protocol. So, there is no need to establish a connection before data transfer. The UDP helps to establish low-latency and loss-tolerating connections establish over the network. The UDP enables process-to-process communication.
What is the major difference between TCP and UDP?
TCP connection-oriented protocol that means it is more reliable and guaranties that the sent data and received data are not going mistaken. In the transmission process devices use chunks or packets to send & receive data. packets are pieces of data like leg piece of the chicken. TCP ensures that no packet loss in data transmission process.
UDP connectionless protocol which makes it unreliable and packet loss in data transmission, But the most important thing about UDP is, it’s speed and real-time data transmission. unlike TCP which takes time to generate a perfect data, UDP relies on speed which makes it easy transfer data quickly.
TCP application:
Messaging
Browser request
UDP application:
video calling
calling
live streaming
Online live classes
How Browsers work?
As I said above the client request for a web page and server returns the web page as response but wait there might another web page with same name. How HTTP differs web pages with same name. To recognize each and every web page HTTP have assigned unique IP address.
What is IP address?
IP means Internet Protocol, IP Address are nothing but a code number that a browser can understand which web page the user demanding to visit. Ok, but the user doesn’t know the IP address right, they will search as http://example.com then how does the browser understand the which page they want to visit will same with the page browser requesting from the server. The answer is DNS (Domain Name System).
DNS (Domain Name System):
A Domain Name System (DNS) is a critical component of the Internet infrastructure that plays a fundamental role in connecting users to websites, services, and resources across the World Wide Web. It is essentially the “phone book” of the internet, translating user-friendly domain names (like www.example.com) into numerical IP addresses (such as 192.0.2.1) that computers and network devices use to locate one another on the internet.
DNS (Domain Name System).
DNS Resolution Process
The DNS resolution process occurs in several steps when a user or device attempts to access a website or resource by its domain name:
Local DNS Cache: The client device (e.g., a computer or smartphone) first checks its local DNS cache to see if it has recently resolved the domain name. If the information is not cached or has expired, it proceeds to the next step.
Recursive Query: The client sends a DNS query to a recursive resolver, typically provided by the ISP. The recursive resolver is responsible for finding the IP address associated with the requested domain name.
Root Server Query: If the recursive resolver does not have the requested information in its cache, it queries one of the 13 root name servers. The root server responds with a referral to the appropriate TLD name server based on the TLD of the requested domain.
TLD Server Query: The recursive resolver queries the TLD name server for the domain. For example, if the request was for (example.com) the resolver queries the “.com” TLD server. The TLD server responds with a referral to the authoritative name server for “(http://example.com/).”
Authoritative Server Query: The recursive resolver queries the authoritative name server for the specific domain, which holds the most up-to-date IP address information for the domain.
Response to Client: The authoritative name server sends the IP address back to the recursive resolver, which, in turn, returns the information to the client device. The client’s DNS cache is updated with the resolved IP address for future use.
Accessing the Resource: With the IP address obtained from DNS resolution, the client device can establish a network connection to the server hosting the resource (e.g., a website server).
Thank you for reading this article.